Reinforcement learning based automated anesthesia system for gastrointestinal endoscopy with a multicenter randomized trial.

Reinforcement learning (reinforcement learning) offers a promising strategy for autonomous anesthesia control, yet prospective clinical validation remains limited.

We developed an reinforcement learning-based automated anesthesia system for gastrointestinal endoscopy (anesthesia system for gastrointestinal endoscopy) for automated ciprofol delivery and conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial across four centers in China between January 8 and August 27, 2025.