International consensuses and guidelines on clinical practices on abducens nerve palsy by the Asia-Pacific Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Society (APSPOS) and the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO).

It classically manifests as esotropia, horizontal diplopia, abduction deficit and compensatory head turn.

However, various etiologies make it challenging to accurately diagnose and manage abducens nerve palsy in a cost-effective way.

Controversies persist regarding the optimal timing of neuroimaging, the utility of botulinum toxin injection, and the selection of surgical procedures for partial versus complete palsy.