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New research · Hematology
Clinical rheumatology · 1d
Cohort studyClinical rheumatology · 2026

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary Sjögren's disease patients with hypocomplementemia: reduced C3 is independently associated with new-onset peripheral cytopenias.

Zihan Liu, Jiaqi Chen, Yan Zhang … Jing Luo
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HematologyCohort study

Lower C3 levels linked to 30% higher risk of new peripheral cytopenias.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of primary Sjögren's disease patients with hypocomplementemia: reduced C3 is independently associated with new-onset peripheral cytopenias.

Zihan Liu et al. · Clinical rheumatology · 2026
Purpose

To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of hypocomplementemia in patients with primary Sjögren's disease (pSjD), with a particular focus on its association with new-onset peripheral cytopenias.

Methods

This ambispective cohort study included patients with SjD treated at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from 2016 to 2023.

n = 1013 patients
30%
Results
higher risk
increased risk of new low blood cell counts per 0.1 g/L C3 decrease
n = 1013 patients
More results

Among 1013 patients with SjD, 52.6% exhibited hypocomplementemia.

More results

At baseline, patients with hypocomplementemia had higher disease activity and a greater prevalence of immunological abnormalities, including hyper-IgG and positivity for anti-SSA, anti-SSB, and anti-Ro52 antibodies, as well as more frequent peripheral cytopenias (including leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytopenia, erythrocytopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia).

“
Conclusion · 1 of 3

Hypocomplementemia in SjD is associated with higher disease activity, immune dysregulation, and a greater prevalence of peripheral cytopenias.

Conclusion · 2 of 3

Decreased C3, but not C4, is independently associated with new-onset peripheral cytopenias, supporting further investigation of C3 as a candidate biomarker for risk stratification.

Conclusion · 3 of 3

Key Points • Hypocomplementemia is common in primary Sjögren's disease and is associated with younger age at onset, female predominance, and higher disease activity.

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