A new artificial intelligence model for neuroimaging was trained on over 5 million clinical scans.
Health system learning enables generalist neuroimaging models.
Akhil Kondepudi … Todd Hollon
Nature medicine · Jul 2026 · Q1 in General Medicine
Background
Frontier artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence) models have advanced rapidly through training on internet-scale public data, yet such systems lack access to private clinical data.
5.24
Results
5.24
million
the number of brain scans used to train the new artificial intelligence model
n = 5.24 million clinical MRI and CT
More results
The model embeds magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans into a shared neuroanatomic latent space and grounds diagnostic findings.
When paired with open-source language models, NeuroVFM generates radiology reports that surpass frontier models in accuracy, clinical triage and expert preference.
These results establish health system learning as a paradigm for building generalist medical artificial intelligence and provide a scalable framework for clinical foundation models.