Special AAO Report: Recommendations on Screening for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy (2025 Revision).

Keep under 400 mg/day for severely obese patients.

RISK FACTORS: Beyond dose and duration, concurrent renal disease and tamoxifen use increase risk, as does initiation of hydroxychloroquine therapy at an older age.

Newer visual field algorithms such as 24-2C can screen parafoveal and pericentral regions simultaneously.

PROGRESSION: Mild retinopathy is unlikely to progress after discontinuation of hydroxychloroquine, but severe retinopathy may continue to worsen for many years.