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Cohort studyScientific reports · 2026

Age-related differences in extubation time following propofol-based target-controlled infusion in pediatric medium-duration surgery: A prospective cohort study.

Issada Jindawatthana, Patcharee Sriswasdi, Wiriya Maisat … Saowaphak Lapmahapaisan

SurgeryCohort study

Extubation times are comparable across pediatric age groups after propofol anesthesia.

Age-related differences in extubation time following propofol-based target-controlled infusion in pediatric medium-duration surgery: A prospective cohort study.

Issada Jindawatthana et al. · Scientific reports · 2026

Background

Propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is increasingly used in pediatric practice, but concerns persist regarding delayed emergence after prolonged infusions due to its context-sensitive half-time and interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, especially in younger children with immature pharmacokinetic profiles.

Methods

We enrolled 47 children aged 12 months to 15 years undergoing elective surgery lasting ≥ 120 min who received target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol using the Paedfusor model.

n = 47 children

12.1-17.8 min

Results

time to remove breathing tube was similar for all pediatric ages

n = 47 children

More results

Patients were stratified into four age groups: 12-23 months, 2-6 years, 7-11 years, and 12-15 years.

Secondary outcomes included total propofol requirements and BIS less than 30.

Neither age nor propofol dose predicted extubation time (R² = 0.052, p = 0.314).

More results

Propofol requirements decreased significantly with age (Spearman's r = - 0.80, p < 0.0001), while Ce at first purposeful movement converged across groups (1.9-2.3 µg/mL).

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Conclusion

A nonsignificant trend toward more delayed extubation was observed in the youngest subgroups, which should be interpreted with caution given the small sample sizes.

Post

Age-related differences in extubation time following propofol-based target-controlled infusion in pediatric medium-duration surgery: A prospective cohort study.

Extubation times are comparable across pediatric age groups after propofol anesthesia.

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