Risk Factors for High-Grade Vesicoureteral Reflux in ChildrenTwo Years or Younger with Febrile Urinary Tract Infections.

Of 223 children included in the study, 180 were girls (80.7%).

The median age at the presentation was 8.5 months.

High-grade vesicoureteral reflux was identified in 23.8%.

The univariable analysis revealed that male sex, abnormal renal ultrasound, hydronephrosis, prenatal hydronephrosis, and infections with non- E.coli as potential risk factors.