Risk of Incidence and Lethality by Etiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hospitalized Children…

Cross-sectionalTropical medicine and infectious disease· Jun 2025

Risk of Incidence and Lethality by Etiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hospitalized Children Under 1 Year of Age in Brazil in 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Tamires de Nazaré Soares, Natasha Cristina Oliveira Andrade, Suziane do Socorro Dos Santos … Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima

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Pediatric RespiratoryCross-sectionalPrognosisQ1IF 3.3

Parainfluenza 4 infection linked to sharply higher odds of death in infants.

Risk of Incidence and Lethality by Etiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hospitalized Children Under 1 Year of Age in Brazil in 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Tamires de Nazaré Soares … Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima

Tropical medicine and infectious disease · Jun 2025

Background

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children under one year of age, a particularly vulnerable population due to immunological and respiratory immaturity.

Purpose

This study aimed to analyze the risk of incidence and lethality by specific etiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in children under one year of age hospitalized in Brazil during the year 2024.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using secondary data from the 2024 Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe), obtained via OpenDataSUS.

n = 66,170 cases

OR = 6.806

Results

OR = 6.806

parainfluenza 4 infection sharply raises the odds of death

n = 66,170 cases

More results

Understanding the specific incidence and lethality by etiological agents in the recent Brazilian context (2024), after the COVID-19 pandemic, is essential to guide surveillance and public health strategies.

More results

A total of 66,170 cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome were reported in children under 1 year old (national incidence: 2663/100,000), with a seasonal peak between April and May.

Viruses such as parainfluenza 4 (8.57%), influenza B (2.86%), parainfluenza 3 (2.49%), and SARS-CoV-2 (2.47%) had higher lethality.

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Conclusion

These findings highlight the importance of dissociating frequency from lethality and reinforce the need to strengthen etiological surveillance, improve diagnosis, and direct preventive strategies (such as immunizations) considering the specific risk of each pathogen for this vulnerable population.

Risk of Incidence and Lethality by Etiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hospitalized Children Under 1 Year of Age in Brazil in 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Risk of Incidence and Lethality by Etiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hospitalized Children Under 1 Year of Age in Brazil in 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study.

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