Intraoperative indocyanine green versus clinical assessment for prevention of free flap failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography was associated with reduced odds of partial and total flap loss, as well as reoperation, compared with conventional clinical assessment.

These findings suggest that indocyanine green fluorescence angiography may therefore represent a valuable adjunct in free flap surgery.

Further high-quality prospective trials will be required to better elucidate the true magnitude of effect of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography in free flap surgery and clarify its role in contemporary microsurgical practice.