Postoperative Outcomes and Recovery Trajectory Among Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer Undergoing Emergency General Surgery.

Among 15,398 patients, 6,852 were male, 8,546 were female, and 11,917 (77.4%) were White.

Sustained high DEH was associated with stage IV disease (aRR 2.39, 95% CI 2.07-2.76), frailty (aRR 2.58, 95% CI 2.09-3.19), Charlson Comorbidity Index >2 (aRR 1.37, 95% CI 1.24-1.53), and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (aRR 3.52, 95% CI 2.58-4.82).

Protracted recovery was associated with stage IV disease (aRR 1.92, 95% CI 1.59-2.32), Charlson Comorbidity Index >2 (aRR 1.79, 95% CI 1.55-2.08), claims-based frailty risk (aRR 4.50, 95% CI 3.68-5.52), and pancreatic cancer (aRR 2.52, 95% CI 2.09-3.04) (all p<0.001).

Model discrimination ranged from 0.74 to 0.84.