Effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Current evidence suggests that subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation is associated with improved subjective sleep quality and reduced daytime sleepiness in patients with PD.

However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because they are derived primarily from observational studies with limited sample sizes and potential confounding factors.

Prospective studies specifically designed to evaluate sleep outcomes are needed to clarify the independent effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on sleep.