Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) after resection of brain metastases: results of the multicenter SUBAROMA study.

In total, 148 developed leptomeningeal disease (11.1% of recurrences, 5.5% of all patients, 104 at first recurrence).

Median time to leptomeningeal disease after surgery was 5.5 months (range: 0.2-129.3).

Risk-factors for development of leptomeningeal disease were primary tumor type (PT) breast cancer and melanoma (p = 0.003), interval between brain metastases and PT diagnosis ≥ 3 months, and incomplete resection (p = 0.002), while postoperative systemic therapy (p < 0.001) represented a protective factor.