Uveitis and Scleritis as Early Signals of Undiagnosed IBD: A Tiered Screening Framework to Reduce Diagnostic Delay.

Despite this, no standardized ophthalmologic screening protocols exist to guide early detection.

Mendelian randomization studies provide genetic evidence supporting a causal effect of inflammatory bowel disease on uveitis.

In a large pediatric cohort ( n = 2,555), ocular manifestations preceded inflammatory bowel disease in approximately 20% of cases.

Lower referral thresholds are appropriate in pediatric populations.