Diagnostic accuracy of blood biomarkers for excluding head CT abnormalities after mild traumatic brain injury in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Traumatic brain injury (traumatic brain injury) is a major cause of mortality and long-term disability, and mild traumatic brain injury accounts for more than 90% of hospital-presenting cases.

Nevertheless, approximately 90% of computed tomography scans performed in mild traumatic brain injury show no intracranial injury.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein alone showed pooled sensitivity of 89% (95% CI 83-93%) and specificity of 37% (95% CI 27-48%), whereas UCH-L1 alone showed lower sensitivity of 72% (95% CI 62-80%) and specificity of 53% (95% CI 47-59%).