Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of lung cancer in a population with incidental pulmonary nodules in China: a prospective multicenter study of 10,560 cases.

A higher proportion of females (56.56%) were present across all age groups, with a median age of 53 years (45-62), younger than males (55 years [46-63], P < 0.001).

While 97.1% of females and 37.8% of males were non-smokers, and 68.65% of participants had no occupational exposure, 71.10% had a history of second-hand smoke exposure.

Most nodules were solitary (81.24%), sub-centimeter (78.22%), and non-solid (62.49%).