Improvement in Outcomes of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment: A Survival Analysis at a Reference…

Cohort studyCancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)· Aug 2026

Improvement in Outcomes of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment: A Survival Analysis at a Reference University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Thais Alcantara Bonilha, Deborah Sutter Ayres Pereira, Alice Maria Boulhosa de Azevedo … Marcelo Gerardin Poirot Land

Pediatric Hematology & OncologyCohort studyQ3IF 2.5

Improved supportive care raised pediatric acute myeloid leukemia survival from 8.3% to 74.5%

Improvement in Outcomes of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment: A Survival Analysis at a Reference University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Thais Alcantara Bonilha … Marcelo Gerardin Poirot Land

Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · Aug 2026

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (acute myeloid leukemia) represents 15% to 20% of all pediatric acute leukemias and is responsible for nearly 30% of deaths in this population.

Purpose

The objective of this study is to analyze the probability of OS and event-free survival (event-free survival) in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated at a Brazilian university hospital, evaluate prognostic factors, and compare outcomes with international data.

Methods

This retrospective study included 51 patients (under 14 years old) diagnosed between 2004 and 2023 and treated with BFM-based protocols.

n = 51 patients

Results

improved supportive care lifted survival from near-fatal to comparable with high-income countries

8.3%

Before ISC

74.5%

After ISC

More results

While high-income countries report overall survival (OS) rates near 75%, survival in Brazil remains significantly lower, ranging between 30% and 40%.

Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (acute promyelocytic leukemia) achieved an OS of 100% and event-free survival of 90%.

More results

For other acute myeloid leukemia subtypes, the 5-year OS and event-free survival were 53.7% and 43.7%, respectively.

Implementation of improved supportive care (improved supportive care) after 2008-including the opening of a pediatric ICU and better infection management-was a pivotal prognostic factor (p < 0.001).

“

Conclusion · 1 of 2

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia outcomes in developing regions can achieve international standards when intensive chemotherapy is combined with optimized supportive care.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

The establishment of specialized pediatric intensive care and advanced management of infectious complications are essential pillars for bridging the survival gap in these populations.

Improvement in Outcomes of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment: A Survival Analysis at a Reference University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Improvement in Outcomes of Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment: A Survival Analysis at a Reference University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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