Clinical and immunological factors associated with gastrointestinal involvement in common variable immunodeficiency: a real-world study.
Low serum IgM independently associated with gastrointestinal involvement in common variable immunodeficiency.
Clinical and immunological factors associated with gastrointestinal involvement in common variable immunodeficiency: a real-world study.
Gastrointestinal (gastrointestinal) involvement is a common and clinically significant manifestation of common variable immunodeficiency (common variable immunodeficiency); however, its relationship with immunological parameters remains incompletely understood.
This study aimed to evaluate the association between gastrointestinal involvement and immunological markers, particularly serum immunoglobulin levels and B-cell subsets, and to assess their discriminative performance.
In this single-center retrospective study, 109 adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency were included and categorized based on gastrointestinal involvement.
lower IgM independently predicted gastrointestinal involvement
Gastrointestinal involvement was present in 58.7% of patients.
Patients with gastrointestinal involvement had significantly lower serum IgA and IgM levels, as well as reduced percentages of CD19⁺CD27⁺IgD⁻ switched memory B cells.
ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminative ability for serum IgM (AUC = 0.799, 95% CI: 0.708-0.889) and moderate discriminative performance for switched memory B cells (AUC = 0.695, 95% CI: 0.589-0.802).
Gastrointestinal involvement is common in common variable immunodeficiency and is independently associated with reduced IgM levels and decreased switched memory B cells, suggesting a potential role of impaired B-cell maturation in its pathophysiology.
These findings may help identify patients at higher risk and support the clinical utility of immunophenotyping. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to validate these findings and to establish clinically relevant cutoff values.