Hand Eczema Referred for Patch Testing: Retrospective Study in Shanghai, China From 2018 to 2023.

N-Isopropyl-N-Phenyl-4-Phenylenediamine were more common in the hand eczema than in the non-hand eczema group after false discovery rate (false discovery rate) correction (false discovery rate-adjusted p < 0.05), while other rubber allergens showed similar trends (multivariable-adjusted p < 0.05).

Polysensitization was more common in females than in males, while sensitivity to occupation-related allergens was more common in males.

Fragrance allergies were more frequent in patients over 40 years old, and those with a history of atopic dermatitis showed no significant allergen trends.