Effects of decellularized biological scaffolds on motor function recovery following spinal cord injury: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Subgroup analysis showed scaffolds derived from spinal cord tissue were significantly more effective (SMD=2.78, p < 0.0001) than those from other sources.

Crucially, immediate implantation (within 30 min post-injury) yielded a strong significant effect (SMD=2.54, p < 0.0001), while a 24-hour delay abolished the significant benefit (SMD=0.903, p = 0.38).

The effect was sustained over short (≤4 weeks), medium (4-8 weeks), and long-term (8 weeks) follow-ups.