Comparison of learning curve difference of laparoscopist according to controller type of flexible scope during laparoscopic liver resection.

This study demonstrated that the proficiency of laparoscopists can affect surgical outcomes.

Moreover, newly learning laparoscopists may acquire proficiency more rapidly when using joystick-controlled laparoscopes compared to conventional ones.

In procedures like minor hepatectomy, which are relatively simpler, it was confirmed that there is no significant difference in proficiency when compared to expert scopists.