Geographic distribution of medicare fee-for-service pituitary surgery providers is associated with community-level social vulnerability and access barriers.

Sixty-four of 88 observed providers (72.7%) met the claims-based criterion.

In univariable ecological analyses, longer distance was associated with higher proportions of American Indian/Alaska Native residents and with greater prevalence of cognitive difficulty, hearing impairment, vision difficulty, and depression.

Provider density correlated positively with population density and the proportion of households without a vehicle, an urbanicity-related pattern, while Latino residential isolation was associated with lower provider density.