Sex Differences in Admission Urine Culture Positivity, Pathogen Distribution, and Clinical Characteristics Among Patients with Calcium Oxalate Stones.

Among 1257 patients, 878 were men and 379 were women.

In men, culture positivity was associated with recurrent stones, renal stone location, larger maximum stone diameter, and lower eGFR, but not with measured 24-h urinary parameters.

In women, culture positivity was associated with renal stone location, larger maximum stone diameter, lower eGFR, and modestly lower urinary calcium.

Escherichia coli predominated among culture-positive women, whereas men showed a broader pathogen distribution.