Improved Pregnancy Outcomes with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin…

Randomized trialInternational journal of fertility & sterility· Jul 2026

Improved Pregnancy Outcomes with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Co-Treatment in Recurrent Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Sepideh Miraj, Ebrahim Cheraghi, Zeynab Yazdanpanah … Mohammad Ebrahim Ghaffari

Maternal-Fetal MedicineRandomized trialTreatmentQ2IF 2.5

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor plus human chorionic gonadotropin raises clinical pregnancy rate after recurrent intracytoplasmic sperm injection failure

Improved Pregnancy Outcomes with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Co-Treatment in Recurrent Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Sepideh Miraj … Mohammad Ebrahim Ghaffari

International journal of fertility & sterility · Jul 2026 · Q2 in Obstetrics & Gynecology

Background

Despite notable advances in assisted reproductive technologies (assisted reproductive technologies), pregnancy rates remain suboptimal, and improving endometrial receptivity continues to be a clinical challenge.

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the combined therapeutic effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor and human chorionic gonadotropin on reproductive outcomes in women with prior unsuccessful intracytoplasmic sperm injection (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) cycles.

Methods

After applying exclusion criteria, 120 participants were randomized into either a treatment group (n=60, receiving 300 μg subcutaneous granulocyte colony stimulating factor and 2,500 IU intramuscular human chorionic gonadotropin 1 hour before frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET)), or a control group (n=60, receiving no intervention).

n = 120 participants

Results

pregnancies were more likely with granulocyte colony stimulating factor plus human chorionic gonadotropin than without

48.3%

Treatment

28.3%

Control

More results

Baseline demographic and hormonal characteristics, including age (P=0.652), BMI (P=0.574), follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH, P=0.051), luteinizing hormone (LH, P=0.421), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH, P=0.229), prolactin (PRL, P=0.154), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, P=0.861), were comparable between the groups.

More results

Similarly, intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle parameters, including the number of previous intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles (P=0.099), retrieved oocytes (P=0.528), metaphase II oocytes (P=0.323), embryos transferred (P=0.648), embryo quality (P=0.572), and endometrial thickness on the transfer day (P=0.440), did not differ significantly.

“

Conclusion

Adjunctive administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor and human chorionic gonadotropin significantly improves pregnancy outcomes in women with recurrent intracytoplasmic sperm injection failure, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for this challenging patient population (Registration number: IRCT20220921056008N2).

Improved Pregnancy Outcomes with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Co-Treatment in Recurrent Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Improved Pregnancy Outcomes with Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Co-Treatment in Recurrent Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

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