Observed Prevalence and Predictors of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants Conceived via In vitro Fertilization.
IVF-conceived infants had congenital heart disease prevalence of 4.76%, above the general population baseline.
Observed Prevalence and Predictors of Congenital Heart Disease in Infants Conceived via In vitro Fertilization.
Infants conceived via in vitro fertilization (IVF) have been reported to have increased rates of congenital heart disease (congenital heart disease), though estimates and associated risk factors remain variable.
This study aimed to quantify congenital heart disease prevalence by severity sub-type and identify independent predictors of congenital heart disease in an IVF-conceived population.
A retrospective cohort study of 1890 IVF-conceived infants born to 1783 mothers at a single tertiary academic center from 2020 to 2025 was performed.
Congenital heart disease outcomes included: (1) any congenital heart disease; (2) persistent congenital heart disease (not spontaneously resolved within 3 years); and (3) significant congenital heart disease (requiring medical or procedural intervention).
Prevalence was compared to the general population baseline (~1%) using Proportion Z testing.
A sensitivity analysis excluded pregnancies with established congenital heart disease risk factors to isolate IVF-associated risk.
After exclusion of established congenital heart disease risk factors, prevalence decreased to 3.1%, 2.1%, and 1.01%, respectively.
Distinct predictors varied by congenital heart disease severity subtype, supporting risk-stratified fetal echocardiography and individualized counseling in IVF pregnancies.