Biomimetic Cascade-Responsive Natural-Synthetic Composite Hydrogel for Acne Lesion Microenvironment Modulation.

However, existing monotherapies often fail to simultaneously address these multiple interrelated pathological processes.

Salicylic acid (salicylic acid) was chemically grafted onto chitosan chains (salicylic acid-g-chitosan) to mitigate local irritation and enable sustained release.

In vitro studies further demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility, efficient reactive oxygen species scavenging, and enhanced fibroblast migration.

Moreover, collagen deposition and lesion repair were promoted by it via downregulation of proinflammatory factors like IL-1β and TNF-α.