Obesity-related patterns of multimorbidity and their association with health-related quality of life in Iranian adults: a cross-sectional study.

Four distinct multimorbidity clusters were identified: obesity with severe metabolic syndrome (OSMS, 13.0%), obesity with early metabolic syndrome (OEMS, 39.3%), low comorbidity (LC, 42.4%) and non-obese cardiometabolic multimorbidity (NOCM, 5.2%).

Cluster membership varied significantly by sex, age, education, occupation and insurance status.

Older age, female sex, lower education, unpaid work and urban residence were associated with OSMS and OEMS, while male sex, older age, retirement and complementary insurance were associated with NOCM.