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Cohort studyEye (London, England) · 2026

Retinoblastoma outcomes in Europe: a prospective analysis of 483 patients from 40 countries.

Richard Bowman, Mattan Arazi, Nathalie Cassoux … Global Retinoblastoma Study Group

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OphthalmologyCohort study

Children in middle-income European countries had far higher retinoblastoma death rates than high-income peers.

Retinoblastoma outcomes in Europe: a prospective analysis of 483 patients from 40 countries.

Richard Bowman … Global Retinoblastoma Study Group

Eye (London, England) · 2026

Purpose

To describe presentation, treatment and outcomes for a cohort of children presenting with retinoblastoma (Rb) throughout Europe during 2017.

Methods

A prospective analysis of 483 patients diagnosed in Europe between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years.

n = 483 patients

Results

middle-income countries had far higher odds of dying from retinoblastoma than high-income ones

RR 1.25 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.44)

null 1

1.09

1.44

CI excludes the null - significant

More results

Unilateral cases 339/483 (70%) predominated, presenting older (mean age 26 months) than the 144 (30%) bilateral cases (mean age 12 months p < 0.0005).

Only 4/477 (0.8%) children had extra-ocular Rb at presentation (mean age 53 months vs 21 months for those without p = 0.002).

More results

Children from middle income countries did not present older, but were more likely (p < 0.001) to present with late-stage disease (3-4) than high-income children (74/151 (49%) vs 108/332 (33%), RR 1.25 95%CI 1.09-1.44).

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Conclusion

Even within a wealthy continent such as Europe, economic factors may influence survival, but not global salvage rates. The majority of children still lose an eye.

Post

Retinoblastoma outcomes in Europe: a prospective analysis of 483 patients from 40 countries.

Children in middle-income European countries had far higher retinoblastoma death rates than high-income peers.

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