Assessing the reliability of non-cycloplegic refraction in children: a machine learning approach based on non-cycloplegic parameters.

Traditional cycloplegic refraction is the gold standard for pediatric vision screening but is often limited by low efficiency and poor compliance.

This study aimed to develop a machine learning model using non-cycloplegic visual function and refractive parameters to evaluate the reliability of non-cycloplegic refraction in children and adolescents.