Amblyopia and strabismus: Psychosocial characteristics - results from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS).

Cohort studyGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie· Apr 2026

Amblyopia and strabismus: Psychosocial characteristics - results from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS).

Felicitas T Holley, Alexander K Schuster, Anna M Welzel … Heike M Elflein

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Pediatric OphthalmologyCohort studyPrognosisQ1IF 3.1

Adults with strabismus had lower socioeconomic status than those without.

Amblyopia and strabismus: Psychosocial characteristics - results from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS).

Felicitas T Holley … Heike M Elflein

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology · Apr 2026 · Q1 in Ophthalmology

Background

Amblyopia and strabismus are associated with a reduced health-related quality of life in children.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between amblyopia or strabismus and mental distress (depression, anxiety disorder), as well as differences in psychosocial characteristics.

Methods

The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based cohort study in Mainz, Germany, with 15,010 participants aged 35–74.

n = 15,010 participants

Results

socioeconomic status score was lower in adults with strabismus

12SES sc

Strabismus

13SES sc

No strabismus

More results

There was no association between strabismus and depression (OR = 1.06; p = 0.77), nor with anxiety (OR = 0.92; p=0.71).

“

Conclusion

Amblyopic or strabismic individuals have a lower socioeconomic status and lower educational attainment. There was no association found with depression or anxiety disorder.

Amblyopia and strabismus: Psychosocial characteristics - results from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS).

Amblyopia and strabismus: Psychosocial characteristics - results from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS).

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