AI chatbots in strabismus care: A multidomain expert evaluation of caregiver-facing information.

For Educational Value, Llama (43.8%) and Gemini (42.5%) performed slightly better, while Safety ratings were highest for Gemini (40%) and Llama (37.5%).

Cumulative link mixed models analysis showed significant between-chatbot differences for Accuracy, Clarity, and Educational Value ( p < 0.05) but not for Safety.

Compared with ChatGPT, lower odds of higher ratings were seen for Grok (OR 0.48) and DeepSeek (OR 0.61).

Inter-rater reliability indicated moderate agreement (Fleiss' κ = 0.59) and strong consensus (Gwet's AC1 = 0.87).