Increased neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of herpes zoster infection incidence: A 14-year cohort study from a tertiary medical center.

The mean age at presentation was 67 years, and 76% were male.

Autoimmune disease was present in 35% of patients, malignant disease in 29%, and 24% were receiving immunosuppressive therapy at herpes zoster onset.

Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations included visual field defect (53%), diplopia (53%), ptosis (47%), and post-herpetic neuralgia (41%).

At the end of follow-up, 18% achieved complete recovery, 65% partial improvement, and 12% showed no improvement.