Efficacy and safety of varenicline nasal spray in dry eye disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Eye Dryness Score showed a non-significant numerical improvement (MD = - 4.38; 95% CI: - 12.02 to 3.25; p = 0.2601).

Dose-based subgroup analyses showed consistent Schirmer test benefits for both 0.03 mg and 0.06 mg doses.

Corneal fluorescein staining was not significantly improved.