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New research · Ophthalmology
American journal of ophthalmology · 2d
Cohort studyAmerican journal of ophthalmology · 2026

Longitudinal Change in Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca by Sjögren's Disease Status.

Sally E Peterson, Vinayak Prathikanti, Fanxiu Xiong … John A Gonzales
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OphthalmologyCohort study

Ocular surface staining worsened more over time in dry eye linked to Sjögren's disease.

Longitudinal Change in Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca by Sjögren's Disease Status.

Sally E Peterson … John A Gonzales
American journal of ophthalmology · 2026
Purpose

To longitudinally compare changes in ocular surface signs and symptoms over two to three years in patients with isolated KCS (KCS-only) and those with concomitant SjD (KCS+SjD).

Methods

Were enrolled from 2003-2012 and invited for 2- to 3-year follow-up.

n = 427 participants
Results

eye-surface damage (staining score) worsened more with Sjögren's-related dry eye

MD 1.51 (95% CI 0.99 to 2.04)
null = 00.992.04
CI excludes the null - significant
More results

This analysis included data from 427 participants (mean age: 54.4±12.8 years, 94.8% female), including 305 with KCS+SjD and 122 with KCS-only.

Similarly, participants with KCS+SjD demonstrated greater longitudinal decline in tear break-up time (-1.10 sec, 95% CI: -1.56 to -0.65; P <.001) and in Schirmer I (-2.16 mm, 95% CI: -3.31 to -1.01; P <.001).

More results

The difference in OSDI-6 scores was not statistically significant (0.36, 95% CI, -0.60 to 1.33; P = .46).

“
Conclusion · 1 of 2

Participants with KCS+SjD exhibited more severe baseline signs and greater longitudinal worsening of objective ocular findings compared to KCS-only participants.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

These findings support the hypothesis that KCS associated with SjD and isolated KCS may represent distinct clinical forms of dry eye disease and may help differentiate these dry eye subtypes.

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