Global, regional, and national burden of glaucoma, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of…

Cohort studyGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie· Jul 2026

Global, regional, and national burden of glaucoma, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Yan Li, Hanxu Fang, Qinhui Yu … Xiangke Cao

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GlaucomaCohort studyClinical practiceQ1IF 3.1

Global age-standardized glaucoma disability burden rate fell 39% from 1990 to 2023.

Global, regional, and national burden of glaucoma, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Yan Li … Xiangke Cao

Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology · Jul 2026 · Q1 in Ophthalmology

Purpose

This study aims to characterize the spatiotemporal trends in the global glaucoma burden from 1990 to 2023 and project future trends to 2050, informing tailored prevention and control strategies across countries.

Methods

An age-period-cohort framework was further used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects on glaucoma burden.

n = 204 countries and territories

Results

glaucoma's toll on healthy years lived, adjusted for population age, dropped substantially

-1.58EAPC %

Males

-1.25EAPC %

Females

More results

Males exhibited a steeper decline (estimated annual percentage change - 1.58%) than females (- 1.25%).

High- and middle-Socio-demographic Index countries neared the minimum burden by 2000 and 2010, respectively, while low-Socio-demographic Index countries showed persistent high rates with partial rebounds.

More results

The period 2000-2015 accounted for 41% of the total reduction.

Forecasts suggest a mean annual age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year decline of 1.2% from 2023 to 2050, yielding a 27.8% reduction without rebound.

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

Glaucoma exhibits a trajectory of rising cases but declining rates, with significant Socio-demographic Index-related disparities.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Low-Socio-demographic Index countries require AI-enabled mass screening and access to generic medications, middle-Socio-demographic Index countries need risk-stratified management and laser trabeculoplasty, and high-Socio-demographic Index countries should focus on normal-tension glaucoma in the elderly.

Global, regional, and national burden of glaucoma, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Global, regional, and national burden of glaucoma, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

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