Visual and refractive pattern in patients with comitant large angle esotropia.

Cohort studyBMC ophthalmology· Jul 2026

Visual and refractive pattern in patients with comitant large angle esotropia.

Masoud Khorrami-Nejad, Mohammad Reza Akbari, Babak Masoomian … Elham Azizi

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Pediatric OphthalmologyCohort studyDiagnosisQ2IF 2.2

Deviation angle is larger in adults than children with large-angle esotropia

Visual and refractive pattern in patients with comitant large angle esotropia.

Masoud Khorrami-Nejad … Elham Azizi

BMC ophthalmology · Jul 2026 · Q2 in Ophthalmology

Purpose

To evaluate visual acuity, refractive error, and angle of deviation in patients with large-angle esotropia and to investigate age related differences in the magnitude of deviation.

Methods

In this retrospective study, medical records of 370 patients diagnosed with large-angle esotropia (horizontal deviation ≥ 50 prism diopters (Δ)) between 4 and 81 years were reviewed.

n = 370 patients

Results

79.72

± 16.9 Δ

in adults, the eyes turn inward more than in children

n = 370 patients

More results

The mean age of patients was 28.9 ± 17.77 years, and 61.4% were male.

The mean horizontal angle of deviation at distance was 72.2 ± 14.08Δ.

The mean corrected distance visual acuity was 0.54 ± 0.55 logMAR in the strabismic eye and 0.14 ± 0.22 logMAR in the nonstrabismic eye (p < 0.001).

More results

The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was not significantly different between the strabismic (-0.31 ± 3.77 diopter (D)) and non-strabismic eye (-0.29 ± 3.46 D) (p = 0.9).

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Conclusion

Large-angle esotropia is associated with significant visual impairments, including strabismic amblyopia, as the predominant factor, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and individualized and timely intervention to prevent the long-term visual deficits.

Visual and refractive pattern in patients with comitant large angle esotropia.

Visual and refractive pattern in patients with comitant large angle esotropia.

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