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New research · Infectious Disease
Veterinary medicine international · 4d
StudyVeterinary medicine international · 2026

Prevalence of Unregistered, Substandard, and Falsified Veterinary Antimicrobials in Ethiopia: A National Postmarket Quality Surveillance Study.

Belachew Tefera, Belachew Bacha, Nardos Tefera … Ayenew Ashenef
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Infectious DiseaseStudy

Nearly one-fifth of veterinary antimicrobials in Ethiopia were unregistered.

Prevalence of Unregistered, Substandard, and Falsified Veterinary Antimicrobials in Ethiopia: A National Postmarket Quality Surveillance Study.

Belachew Tefera … Ayenew Ashenef
Veterinary medicine international · 2026
Background

The proliferation of unregistered, substandard, and falsified (SF) veterinary pharmaceuticals represents a critical global threat to animal health, food security, and environmental conservation.

Purpose

This descriptive study was conducted to determine the prevalence and quality profile of selected veterinary antimicrobials, including antibacterials, anthelmintics, and antiprotozoals, circulating in the Ethiopian market.

Methods

Postmarket quality surveillance (PMS) study was conducted across five administrative regions.

n = 142 samples
17.9%
Results
17.9%
nearly one-fifth of animal medicines checked were not officially approved in Ethiopia
n = 142 samples
More results

The majority of sampled products (95.7%) were imported, predominantly from China (75.7%) and India (15.0%).

Primary sampling sites included veterinary retail outlets (50.7%) and clinics (22.9%).

Visual screening identified an administrative substandard prevalence of 24.3% among registered products.

More results

Of the 44 samples subjected to compendial laboratory analysis, 22.7% ( n = 10) failed to meet established pharmacopeial specifications.

“
Conclusion · 1 of 2

Unregistered and substandard veterinary medicines are circulating in the Ethiopian supply chain, posing severe risks to animal health and contributing to the regional antimicrobial resistance crisis.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

These findings necessitate urgent, concerted efforts from stakeholders to strengthen the national regulatory system, enhance Ethiopian Agricultural Authority laboratory capacity, and secure the pharmaceutical supply chain through targeted postmarketing enforcement.

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