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Case-controlInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026

Association of Antibiotic Use and New-Onset ICD Coding of Geographic Atrophy.

Sean R Smith, Max J Hyman, John T Moir … Dimitra Skondra

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Infectious DiseaseCase-control

Exposure to antibiotics is associated with increased odds of new-onset geographic atrophy.

Association of Antibiotic Use and New-Onset ICD Coding of Geographic Atrophy.

Sean R Smith … Dimitra Skondra

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026

Purpose

To determine whether exposure to antibiotics is associated with new-onset International Classification of Diseases (International Classification of Diseases) coding of geographic atrophy (geographic atrophy).

Methods

This case-control study of patients ages sixty and older used health insurance claims data from the Merative MarketScan Research Databases.

n = 3254 cases

Results

exposure to antibiotics is linked to higher odds of new geographic atrophy

OR by subgroup · 95% CI

More results

Greater cumulative day supply was associated with increasing odds, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship.

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Conclusion · 1 of 3

Exposure to antibiotics is associated with increased odds of new-onset International Classification of Diseases coding of geographic atrophy. This association may be dose dependent.

Conclusion · 2 of 3

These findings suggest that antibiotic exposure could be a novel modifiable risk factor for geographic atrophy, although this conclusion is tempered by potential confounding by health status or misclassification of geographic atrophy and by multiple comparisons.

Conclusion · 3 of 3

Further investigation will be needed to validate these findings.

Post

Association of Antibiotic Use and New-Onset ICD Coding of Geographic Atrophy.

Exposure to antibiotics is associated with increased odds of new-onset geographic atrophy.

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