Treatment patterns and outcomes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia: a single center study from Oman.
Second-line nilotinib was associated with higher major molecular response rates.
Treatment patterns and outcomes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia: a single center study from Oman.
Real-world data on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) use in chronic myeloid leukemia (chronic myeloid leukemia) from the Middle East remain limited.
In this retrospective single-center study, adult patients (≥18 years) with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with TKIs between January 2008 and September 2024 were included.
Among 112 patients (mean age 43.7 ± 15.4 years), 45% had low Sokal risk, 43% intermediate, and 12% high risk.
Imatinib was first-line therapy in 88.4%, achieving major molecular response (major molecular response) in 51%, with a median time to major molecular response of 21 months.
Successful treatment-free remission was maintained in 17% of imatinib-treated patients after two years and in 83.3% of second-line patients after 36 months.
Adverse drug reactions were mainly gastrointestinal (28.5%), musculoskeletal (28.0%), dermatologic (20.8%), and hematologic (8.7%).
In this real-world cohort, first-line imatinib provided acceptable but slower and less frequent molecular responses compared with second-generation TKIs.
Higher treatment-free remission maintenance rates were observed with second-generation TKIs, although interpretation is limited by small patient numbers.
These findings support a response-guided, risk-adapted approach to tyrosine kinase inhibitor selection and highlight the need to expand access to second-generation TKIs to optimize long-term outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia.