A deep learning-based framework for fundus image classification of inherited retinal degeneration in dogs.

An EfficientNetV2-based convolutional neural network with a custom classification head was selected for final evaluation.

Dog-level calibration analysis yielded a Brier score of 0.093.

Under constrained single-image evaluation conditions, the model showed higher dog-level classification performance than the majority-vote classification of three experienced veterinary ophthalmologists, primarily by reducing false-positive classification of normal dogs as affected.