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Cohort studyRespiratory research · 2026

Sarcoidosis data-driven patient trajectories and predictors of chronic disease.

Marios Rossides, Susanna Kullberg, Pernilla Darlington … Elizabeth V Arkema

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OphthalmologyCohort study

Early immunosuppressive treatment was associated with higher risk of chronic sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis data-driven patient trajectories and predictors of chronic disease.

Marios Rossides … Elizabeth V Arkema

Respiratory research · 2026

Background

Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous granulomatous disease with an unpredictable course.

Methods

We identified individuals newly diagnosed with sarcoidosis in the Swedish National Patient Register (≥ 2 ICD-coded visits; 2006-2018).

n = 9665 patients

Results

early immune-suppressing treatment was linked to a higher risk of persistent sarcoidosis

RR 2.18 (95% CI 2.04 to 2.33)

null 1

2.04

2.33

CI excludes the null - significant

More results

Among 9665 patients, two distinct trajectories were identified: a resolving trajectory (71.5%) with near-complete remission of sarcoidosis-related visits within two years, and a chronic trajectory (28.5%) with persistently elevated visit rates over five years.

Older age modestly increased the risk of chronic disease.

More results

In the Karolinska cohort, Löfgren's syndrome and HLA-DRB1*03 were strongly associated to a resolving course.

Chronic sarcoidosis was associated with higher risks of infection, heart failure, diabetes, depression, anxiety, and early death.

“

Conclusion · 1 of 2

Sarcoidosis follows two long-term trajectories. Clinical phenotype and need of early treatment predict chronicity, which is associated with substantial long-term morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Early prognostication may support personalized sarcoidosis management.

Post

Sarcoidosis data-driven patient trajectories and predictors of chronic disease.

Early immunosuppressive treatment was associated with higher risk of chronic sarcoidosis.

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