JAK Inhibitor Safety in Atopic Dermatitis and Alopecia Areata: A 4.5-Year Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study.
While no safety signals regarding major adverse cardiovascular events or cancer emerged, other metabolic events, such as cholesterol increase, weight gain and menstrual alterations, were identified.
JAK Inhibitor Safety in Atopic Dermatitis and Alopecia Areata: A 4.5-Year Real-World Retrospective Cohort Study.
JAK inhibitors (JAKi) represent a novel therapeutic approach for treating the immune-mediated dermatologic diseases alopecia areata (areata) and atopic dermatitis (atopic dermatitis).
The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety of JAKis (abrocitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, and ritlecitinib) in patients with areata or atopic dermatitis in a real-world setting.
We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study based on electronic medical record data from December 2020 to June 2025.
Adverse events events were observed across all agents and were predominantly mild to moderate.
Mild total cholesterol increase, weight gain, and upper respiratory tract infection were the most common adverse events.
Discontinuation was mainly driven by loss of efficacy, while adverse events-related discontinuations were less frequent and heterogeneous in nature.
Four cases of malignancies were reported.
While no safety signals regarding major adverse cardiovascular events or cancer emerged, other metabolic events, such as cholesterol increase, weight gain and menstrual alterations, were identified.
These findings highlight that routine clinical practice represents a less controlled and more heterogeneous setting than randomized trials, underscoring the importance of continuous real-world safety monitoring to fully characterize treatment-associated risks.