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New research · Allergy & Immunology
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 22h
Cohort studyPediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026

Allergic sensitization and respiratory infection in infancy-Too early for two-hits on lung function?

Vikas Wadhwa, Shyamali C Dharmage, Caroline Lodge … Melissa Russell
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Allergy & ImmunologyCohort study

Early-life lower respiratory infection is associated with reduced lung function at age 10.

Allergic sensitization and respiratory infection in infancy-Too early for two-hits on lung function?

Vikas Wadhwa et al. · Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026
Background

Allergic sensitization and respiratory infections are common in childhood.

Purpose

We assessed for interactions between food allergic sensitization and respiratory infection in infancy and associations with lung function in childhood.

Methods

In a longitudinal community-based cohort, sensitization was assessed at age 1 year by skin prick testing to common food allergens.

n = 285
Results
Early chest infection led to lower lung function at age 10 for non-allergic children
n = 285
More results

No interaction was observed between food sensitization and lower respiratory infection in infancy on lung function at either age 6 or 10 years.

Similar patterns were observed for FEV 1 /FVC, FVC, and FEF 25-75 .

Associations were weaker and less consistent at age 6 years.

“
Conclusion · 1 of 2

A two-hit interaction between food sensitization and respiratory infection during infancy on subsequent lung function was not confirmed.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Early-life lower respiratory infection was however associated with modest reductions in lung function at age 10 years, regardless of sensitization status.

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