Characterizing arthritis subtypes in lupus: prevalence, clinical features, and role of type I interferon signatures.

Distinct clinical and serologic patterns differentiate JA and CIDA, suggesting unique underlying mechanisms of deforming arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Both non-deforming arthritis and JA exhibited a high interferon signature, while CIDA showed a higher joint burden, lower disease activity, and lower interferon signature relative to non-deforming arthritis.