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New research · Urology
International journal of clinical oncology · 2d
Cohort studyInternational journal of clinical oncology · 2026

Risk of second primary malignancies after bladder cancer diagnosed at a young age: a SEER population-based analysis.

Etan Eigner, Nicola Fazaa, Ameer Nsair … Kamil Malshy
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UrologyCohort study

Young bladder cancer survivors have a higher risk of developing second primary malignancies.

Risk of second primary malignancies after bladder cancer diagnosed at a young age: a SEER population-based analysis.

Etan Eigner et al. · International journal of clinical oncology · 2026
Background

Bladder cancer diagnosed at a young age is uncommon, but survivors often have long life expectancy, making long-term risks such as second primary malignancies (SPMs) clinically relevant.

Purpose

We aimed to quantify the risk and distribution of SPMs in this population.

Methods

Diagnosed with a first primary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder before age 50 were included.

n = 13,378 eligible patients
Results

young bladder cancer survivors have a higher risk of developing second cancers compared to the general population

SIR 1.67 (95% CI 1.58 to 1.76)
null = 01.581.76
CI excludes the null - significant
More results

A total of 13,378 eligible patients contributed 140,014 person-years at risk to the SPM analysis.

During follow-up, 1,272 SPMs were identified, excluding bladder and non-melanoma skin cancers, corresponding to a significantly elevated overall risk compared with the general U.

Increased risk was observed in both men (SIR 1.81) and women (SIR 1.27).

More results

No significant age-related trend was observed.

“
Conclusion

Young-onset bladder cancer survivors experience a sustained elevation in second primary malignancy risk, underscoring the importance of long-term survivorship awareness and informing counseling and follow-up strategies in this population.

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