Penile augmentation and cosmetic surgery: recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024).

Due to the controversies and lack of longer-term data regarding penile augmentation and cosmetic procedures, comprehensive assessments and careful patient counseling weighing the pros and cons, as well as potential complications, are mandatory before embarking on any treatment.

Surgeons should be experienced in anatomy and various surgical techniques, and it is important to individualize surgical options based on patient condition(s) and needs, surgeon expertise, and local resources.