Artificial Intelligence for Automated Current Procedural Terminology Coding in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Using a Fine-tuned Hybrid Large Language Model.

A fine-tuned, domain-specific large language models substantially outperforms baseline large language models and external professional auditors for automated Current Procedural Terminology coding in plastic and reconstructive surgery, particularly for complex multicoded procedures.

These findings support the role of specialized AI systems in improving coding accuracy and surgical billing workflows.