Stacy L. Pineles - research works

The studies included infants who were treated and followed over a 17-year period from 2006 through 2022 in 39 countries.

The most common neurodevelopmental test used was the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, used in 13 studies (50%).

The age at assessment ranged from 0 months corrected age to 12 years, where most studies (n = 14 [54%]) included testing of infants younger than 24 months of age.

Six studies were rated level I, and 9 studies were rated level III.

Most level III evidence studies (5/9) reported outcomes using tacrolimus drops or ointment.

Apart from application site discomfort, the studies reported no significant adverse events.

In children aged 3-6 years, 81% (117/145) passed the pre-test: 17 of 34 (50%) 3-year-olds, 39 of 46 (85%) 4-year-olds, 33 of 37 (89%) 5-year-olds, and 28 of 28 (100%) 6-year-olds.

Fifty-four of 117 (46%) who passed the pre-test had matching test pairs for analysis.

In children aged 7-12 years, all 45 passed the pre-test.

Twenty-two of 45 (49%) who passed the pre-test had matching test pairs for analysis.

Comparing at-home app-based with gold-standard VA, in eyes 20/40 or better, 95% (143/151) and 93% (91/98) of the younger and older cohorts were within 2 lines, respectively (mean differences: younger = -0.03, older = -0.04; 95% limits-of-agreement half-width (LOA): younger = ±0.26, older = ±0.22).

Comparing in-office app-based VA with gold-standard VA, in eyes 20/40 or better, 98% (160/164) and 94% (99/105) of the younger and older cohorts were within 2 lines, respectively (mean differences: younger = -0.03, older = -0.03; LOA: younger = ±0.22; older = ±0.24).

Eight of the 19 studies compared a PSI group with a control group (other forms of implants such as preformed, prebent sheets)-5 studies involved acute fracture repair and 3 involved a mixture of acute, delayed, or revision surgery.

The remaining 11 studies did not have a comparison group, and indications included acute fracture repair (n = 2), delayed or secondary fracture repair (n = 3), or an after-tumor resection (n = 5).

Patient-specific implant material included titanium (n = 12), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) (n = 3), porous polyethylene (n = 2), and ceramic (n = 2).

All 33 articles (which reported results from 28 072 children) were rated level III.

Results from 28 072 children were reported, and most studies focused on children aged 6 years and younger.

Examination failure thresholds varied, but most studies after 2013 followed the 2013 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (AAPOS) guidelines.

For the 21 studies that reported the referral rate (percentage of children who failed based on the screening result), the rate varied significantly (2.26%-63%).

All studies showed less myopic progression, with changes in spherical equivalent (SE) ranging from 0.22 to 0.81 diopters (D) for multifocal soft contact lenses compared with 0.50 to 1.45 D in control groups who used single-vision spectacles or single-vision contact lenses over the course of at least 1 year.

The difference in change between the groups was clinically modest and statistically significant in 11 studies for SE and in all 12 studies for AL.

No serious adverse events were reported in any of the studies.