Nurse-led caregiver training interventions in post-stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of functional and psychosocial outcomes.

Psychosocial outcomes improved, including quality of life (SMD = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.11-0.92, p = 0.01) and reductions in anxiety and depression (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.05-0.93, p = 0.03).

Caregivers showed significant gains in knowledge/skills (SMD = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.42-1.61, p = 0.0008), e-health literacy (SMD = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.55-1.62, p < 0.0001), and competence/preparedness (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.35-1.39, p = 0.0001), with no significant improvements in burden, emotional exhaustion, or quality of life.