Assessment of impacted canine patterns and correlations with craniofacial discrepancy.

Animal / preclinicalActa odontologica Scandinavica· May 2026

Assessment of impacted canine patterns and correlations with craniofacial discrepancy.

Salma Abbas, Lale Taner, Orhan Özdiler, Erhan Özdiler

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Craniofacial & CleftAnimal / preclinicalQ2IF 2.0

Impacted maxillary canines linked to maxillary skeletal deficiency and vertical hyperdivergence

Assessment of impacted canine patterns and correlations with craniofacial discrepancy.

Salma Abbas … Erhan Özdiler

Acta odontologica Scandinavica · May 2026 · Q2 in General Medicine

Purpose

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, spatial patterns, and craniofacial skeletal associations of impacted maxillary canines using panoramic and cephalometric analyses in a large patient cohort.

Methods

This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 9593 panoramic radiographs of individuals aged ≥ 14 years.

n = 94 cases

Results

shorter maxilla front-to-back with impacted canines, indicating skeletal deficiency

MIC cases

50.1mm

Controls

53.1mm

More results

Analysis revealed a maxillary canine impaction prevalence of 2.02%, with a significant female predilection (54.1%) and a maxilla-to-mandible ratio of 4:1.

The predominant spatial pattern was mesioangular inclination (67%) in Sector 0 (35.2%) at coronal depth (54.1%).

Upper incisor inclination showed no intergroup difference.

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Conclusion · 1 of 3

Maxillary canine impaction is strongly associated with maxillary skeletal deficiencies and vertical growth discrepancies.

Conclusion · 2 of 3

The common finding of mesioangular impactions in Sector 0 at coronal depth indicates a high risk for adjacent root resorption.

Conclusion · 3 of 3

We recommend incorporating cephalometric screening (focusing on ANS-PNS < 50 mm and SN-GoGn > 32°) into early adolescent assessments to identify at-risk patients and guide timely interceptive strategies such as maxillary expansion.