Comparison of Infectious Complications After Transrectal Prostate Biopsy Under Two Antibiotic Prophylaxis…

Cohort studyInternational journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association· Apr 2026

Comparison of Infectious Complications After Transrectal Prostate Biopsy Under Two Antibiotic Prophylaxis Regimens: Ceftriaxone Plus Cefixime Versus Ciprofloxacin Plus Gentamicin.

Ahmet Yıldırım Balık, Emre Ediz, Burak Ayvacık … Dursun Baba

Genitourinary PathologyCohort studyQ2IF 1.8

Ceftriaxone-cefixime and ciprofloxacin-gentamicin had similarly low post-biopsy infection rates.

Comparison of Infectious Complications After Transrectal Prostate Biopsy Under Two Antibiotic Prophylaxis Regimens: Ceftriaxone Plus Cefixime Versus Ciprofloxacin Plus Gentamicin.

Ahmet Yıldırım Balık … Dursun Baba

International journal of urology · Apr 2026

Purpose

To compare the effectiveness and safety of two antibiotic prophylaxis regimens, ciprofloxacin plus gentamicin and ceftriaxone plus cefixime, in preventing infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy.

Methods

The study retrospectively reviewed 705 consecutive patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy between January 2020 and January 2024.

n = 374

Results

infection rates were similarly low with both antibiotic regimens

1.1%

Group 1 (ciprofloxacin

1.8%

Group 2 (ceftriaxone +

More results

The two groups were comparable in terms of age, body mass index, prostate-specific antigen levels, and comorbidities.

The incidence of complicated urinary tract infection was 0.3% versus 0.9%, and infection-related hospitalization occurred in 0.5% versus 0.3% of patients in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively, with no cases of sepsis observed.

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Conclusion · 1 of 2

The combination of ceftriaxone and cefixime showed a safety profile broadly consistent with the combination of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin for biopsy prophylaxis.

Conclusion · 2 of 2

Considering increasing fluoroquinolone resistance and growing restrictions, this cephalosporin-based regimen may be considered a feasible option for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy when implemented together with strict antiseptic measures.